The term counter-terrorist experts said referring to the perpetrators who are not members of the armed forces, known or not to obey the rules of the armed forces. Acts of terrorism also implies that the attack a terrorist attack carried out inhuman and has no justification, and therefore the perpetrators ("terrorists") deserves a cruel revenge.
Due to the negative meanings embodied by the word "terrorist" and "terrorism", the terrorists are generally referred to themselves as a separatist, liberation fighters, crusade army, militants, mujahideen, and others. But in the justification in the eyes of terrorism: "The actual meaning of jihad, mujahideen is far from an act of terrorism that attacked the civilian population when it is not involved in the war." Whereas Terrorism itself is often looked to the name of religion.
In addition to the individual perpetrators, terrorism could be carried out by the state or known by the terrorist state (state terorism). For example as noted by Noam Chomsky, who calls the United States into that category. Problem of double standard is always colored the various mention of who originally started from the West. Like when the United States call a terrorist a lot of different groups in the world, on the other side of media coverage indicates the fact that the United States made a horrific act of terrorism to violate the agreed convention.
Terrorism in the world is not a new thing, but it becomes an actual event, especially since the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York, United States on September 11, 2001, known as "Black September", which took 3000 casualties. Attacks carried out over the air, do not use combat aircraft, but the use of commercial aircraft owned by U.S. companies alone, so do not get caught by the radar of the United States. Three belonging to the United States commercial aircraft were hijacked, two of which crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center Twin Towers and the Pentagon.
News journalism as showing the World Trade Center and the Pentagon as the main victims of this attack. In fact, more than that, the main victims within two hours had to sacrifice more than 3000 men, women and children are terrorized, killed, burned, killed and buried under tons of rubble rubble due to a planned mass murder. As a result of terrorist attacks, according to the Orphans Fund Twin Towers, an estimated 1 500 children lost a parent. At the Pentagon, Washington, 189 people were killed, including the passengers on the plane, 45 people were killed in a fourth plane that crashed in Pennsylvania hinterland. The terrorists think that the attacks are carried into the World Trade Center is an attack against "symbols of America." However, the building which they attack no other international institution that symbolizes the economic prosperity of the world. There were representatives from various countries, ie there are 430 companies from 28 countries. So, actually they're not just attacking the United States but also the world. United States suspect Osama bin Laden as the prime suspect is the culprit.
This incident is a global issue that affects the political policies throughout the countries of the world, so that became the starting point for combating the perception of international terrorism as the enemy. Mass murder has been to unite the world against International Terrorism. Moreover followed by the Bali tragedy, dated October 12, 2002 which is an act of terror, creating the world's largest civilian casualties, which killed 184 people and wounded more than 300 people. The war against terrorism led by the United States, was first received from its allies in Europe. Tony Blair's government, including the first issue Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act, December 2001, followed by the actions of other countries which in essence is to conduct the war on terrorism acts in the world, such as the Philippines by issuing Anti Terrorism Bill.
Many opinions that attempt to define terrorism, one of them is the understanding contained in article 14 paragraph 1 of The Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1984, as follows: "Terrorism means the use of violence for political ends and includes any use of violence for the purpose putting the public or any section of the public in fear. "Activities Terrorism has a goal to make others feel frightened and thus can attract a crowd, a group or a nation. Usually acts of terror are used if no other way that can be taken to implement his will. Terrorism is used as a psychological weapon to create an atmosphere of panic, uncertainty and creating public distrust of the ability of the government and force the community or certain groups to adhere to the will of the perpetrators of terror. Terrorism is not addressed directly to the opponent, but instead acts of terror done anywhere and against anyone. And a more mainstream, I mean who wants to be conveyed by the perpetrators of terror acts of terror is that it gets special attention or more can be said as a psy-war.
So far there has been no standard for defining the boundaries of what is meant by terrorism. According to Prof. M. Cherif Bassiouni, International Criminal Law expert, that's not easy to convene an identical understanding that can be universally accepted, so difficult to conduct supervision over the meaning of terrorism. Meanwhile, according to Prof. Brian Jenkins, Phd., Terrorism is a subjective view, which it is based on who gave him the limits on time and under certain conditions.
Not understanding the achievement of agreement on what terrorism is, terrorism does not make left out of the reach of the law. Efforts to combat terrorism has been conducted since the late mid-20th century. In the year of birth 1937 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism (Convention for the Prevention and suppression of Terrorism), in which this Convention defines terrorism as Crimes against the State. Through the European Convention on the Supression of Terrorism (ECST) in 1977 in Europe, the meaning of terrorism experienced a paradigm shift and expansion, ie as an act which was originally categorized as Crimes against State (including murder and attempted murder of Heads of State or members of his family), becomes Crimes against Humanity, in which the victims were civilians. Crimes against Humanity into categories Gross violation of Human Rights (Human Rights Violations Weight) conducted as part of an expanding / mind that systematic attack directed against civilians, more directed to the souls of innocent people (Public by innocent), as happened in Bali.
Specter of terrorism became increasingly obvious to the modern civilization. The nature of action, actors, the strategic goals, motivation, results expected and achieved, targets, and methods of terrorism has increasingly broad and varied. Thus it became clear that terror was not an ordinary form of destructive violent crime, but already is a crime against peace and humankind security (crimes against peace and security of mankind). According to Muladi, Criminal Acts of Terrorism can be categorized as mala per se or mala in se, classified as a crime against the conscience (Crimes against Conscience), into something evil not because of regulated or prohibited by law, but because basically classified as a natural wrong or acts is not wrong in Themselves mala prohibita because organized crime is classified as such by the Constitution.
In order to prevent and combat terrorism, since long before the proliferation of events that are classified as forms of terrorism occurs in the world, the international community and regional as well as various countries have tried to do criminal policy (criminal policy) accompanied by a systematic and comprehensive criminalization of acts which are categorized as terrorism.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar